1、溝渠開挖

1. Trench excavation

混凝土路面和瀝青路面的開挖應使用切割機進行切割。

The excavation of concrete pavement and asphalt pavement shall be cut by cutting machine.

管道溝應按設計規定的平面位置和標高開挖。采用人工開挖且無地下水時，槽底預留值應為0.05~0.10m；管道安裝前應人工清底設計標高。

The pipe trench shall be excavated according to the plane position and elevation specified in the design. When manual excavation is adopted and there is no groundwater, the reserved value at the bottom of the trench shall be 0.05~0.10m; Before pipe installation, the bottom shall be manually cleaned to the design elevation.

溝底的寬度和工作尺寸應根據現場實際情況和鋪設管道的方法確定。

The width and working size of the trench bottom shall be determined according to the actual situation on site and the method of laying pipes.

局部超挖部分應回填壓實。溝底無地下水時，超挖0.15m以內，可用原土回填；如果超挖在0.15以上，可以使用石灰土。當溝底有地下水或大量積水時，宜采用級配碎石或天然砂回填標高。超挖部分應回填后壓實，壓實度應接近原地基天然土的壓實度。

Local over excavation shall be backfilled and compacted. If there is no underground water at the bottom of the ditch, the original soil can be used for backfilling within 0.15m of over excavation; If the overbreak is more than 0.15, lime soil can be used. When there is underground water or a large amount of ponding at the bottom of the ditch, graded crushed stone or natural sand should be used for backfilling to the elevation. The over excavated part shall be backfilled and compacted, and the compaction degree shall be close to that of the natural soil of the original foundation.

濕陷性黃土區不宜在雨季施工，或施工時應有效溝內積水。開挖時，溝底應預留0.03~0.06m厚的土層進行壓實處理。

The construction in the collapsible loess area should not be carried out in the rainy season, or the ponding in the ditch should be effectively removed during construction. During excavation, 0.03~0.06m thick soil layer shall be reserved at the bottom of the ditch for compaction.

當溝底有廢棄構筑物、硬石、木材、垃圾等雜物時，必須，并鋪設一層厚度不小于0.15m的沙土或素土、平整、壓實和設計用于高程。

When there are waste structures, hard stones, wood, garbage and other sundries at the bottom of the ditch, they must be removed, and a layer of sand or plain soil with a thickness of not less than 0.15m must be paved, leveled, compacted and designed for elevation.

軟土地基和特殊腐蝕性土按設計要求處理。

Soft soil foundation and special corrosive soil shall be treated according to design requirements.

2.回填土壤

2. backfill soil

(1)不得使用凍土、垃圾、木材和軟質材料進行回填。管道兩側及管頂以上0.5m內回填土不得含有碎石、磚塊等雜物，不得回填石灰土。離管頂0.5m以上的回填土中石子不得超過10%，直徑不得大于0.1m，并應分布均勻。

(1) Frozen soil, garbage, wood and soft materials shall not be used for backfilling. The backfill at both sides of the pipeline and within 0.5m above the pipe top shall not contain debris, bricks and other debris, and shall not be backfilled with lime soil. The stones in the backfill soil 0.5m above the pipe top shall not exceed 10%, the diameter shall not be greater than 0.1M, and shall be evenly distributed.

（2）溝槽支撐應在管道兩側及管頂以上0.5m處回填壓實，在保證的情況下拆除，縫隙應采用細砂填平。

(2) The trench support shall be backfilled and compacted at both sides of the pipe and 0.5m above the pipe top. It shall be removed under the condition of safety. The gap shall be filled with fine sand.

(3)回填溝渠時，應先回填管底懸空部分，再回填管道兩側。

(3) When backfilling ditches, the suspended part at the bottom of the pipe shall be backfilled first, and then both sides of the pipe shall be backfilled.

(4)回填土應分層壓實。每層厚度應為0.2~0.3m。管道兩側及管頂以上0.5m以內的回填土必須人工壓實，離管頂0.5m以上的回填土必須人工壓實。可采用小型機械壓實，每層虛鋪的厚度應為0.25~0.4m。

(4) Backfill shall be compacted in layers. The thickness of each layer shall be 0.2~0.3m. The backfill on both sides of the pipeline and within 0.5m above the pipe top must be compacted manually, and the backfill above 0.5m from the pipe top must be compacted manually. Small machinery can be used for compaction, and the thickness of each layer of virtual paving shall be 0.25~0.4m.

(5)回填土壓實后，應逐層檢查密實度，并做好回填記錄。

(5) After the backfill is compacted, the compactness shall be checked layer by layer and the backfill records shall be made.

3.警示帶鋪設

3. warning tape laying

沿埋地燃氣管道應連續鋪設警示帶。在鋪設警示膠帶前，應將鋪設面壓實并平放在管道頂部。

Warning tapes shall be continuously laid along buried gas pipelines. Before laying the warning tape, the laying surface shall be compacted and laid flat on the top of the pipe.

管道警示帶應采用黃色聚乙烯等不易分解的材料制作，并印有明顯、牢固的警示語，字體不小于100*100mm。

The pipeline warning tape shall be made of yellow polyethylene and other materials that are not easy to decompose, and shall be printed with obvious and firm warning words, with the font not less than 100*100mm.

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