1.地面標志

1. Ground signs

在地面上標出相應的位置，嵌入標牌、標牌磚、標牌貼紙等。這種方式直觀易找，但受限于地面環境，比如在快速道路上難以設置。在道路維修或拆除的情況下，會丟失大量的標志。在這個階段，地面標記都使用上述標志。

Mark the corresponding positions on the ground and embed signs, sign bricks, sign stickers, etc. This method is intuitive and easy to find, but it is limited by the ground environment, for example, it is difficult to set up on fast roads. In the case of road maintenance or demolition, a large number of signs will be lost. At this stage, the above signs are used for ground marks.

2.設備檢測

2. Equipment inspection

一旦地面標志丟失，該設備必須用于地下管道檢測。對于金屬管道，一般使用金屬管道探測器（一種將電信號施加到管道上，然后跟蹤電信號方向的設備）進行布線和定位。這種設備在地下管線少、無強磁強電的地方工作良好，但對于管線密集的地方（如庭院）或導電性較差的管線（如球墨鑄鐵管），檢測效率會大大提高減少。

Once the ground signs are lost, the equipment must be used for underground pipeline detection. For metal pipes, metal pipe detectors (a device that applies an electrical signal to the pipe and then tracks the direction of the electrical signal) are generally used for wiring and positioning. This equipment works well in places with few underground pipelines and no strong magnetic and electric fields, but for places with dense pipelines (such as courtyards) or pipelines with poor conductivity (such as ductile iron pipes), the detection efficiency will be greatly improved and reduced.

PE管根本不導電，所以不能用這種技術。我們還嘗試了其他設備，如地磁成像儀、地下洞穴探測器等，但尚未在霸州公司投入實際應用，效果暫時無法確定。另外，據了解，目前市場上還沒有檢測PE管時能達到理想效果的設備。

PE pipe is not conductive at all, so this technology cannot be used. We have also tried other equipment, such as geomagnetic imager and underground cave detector, but they have not been put into practical application in Bazhou company, and the effect cannot be determined temporarily. In addition, it is understood that there is no equipment on the market that can achieve the desired effect when detecting PE pipes.

3.金屬薄膜示蹤帶

3. Metal film tracer tape

在PE管上方鋪設金屬膜追蹤膠帶，然后用探針探測。示蹤帶中的金屬膜具有導電性，理論上可以體現金屬管的特性，但實際上由于金屬膜的截面積太小，導電性不好，受到周圍金屬管道的極大干擾，導致檢測效果很差。只能在干擾很小且離地面很近的地方才能檢測到。而且，在輻射過程中，每100米需要連接一次。如果連接不當，示蹤帶在后期使用過程中會因土壤沉降而斷裂，從而無法檢測到。

Lay a metal film tracking tape over the PE pipe, and then probe it with a probe. The metal film in the tracer band has conductivity, which can theoretically reflect the characteristics of the metal pipe, but in fact, because the cross-sectional area of the metal film is too small, the conductivity is not good, and it is greatly disturbed by the surrounding metal pipes, resulting in poor detection effect. It can only be detected where the interference is very small and close to the ground. Moreover, in the process of radiation, it needs to be connected every 100 meters. If the connection is improper, the tracer belt will break due to soil settlement during later use, so it cannot be detected.

4.金屬示蹤劑

4. Metal tracer

為了提高示蹤物的導電性，我們使用金屬示蹤線代替金屬膜示蹤條。由于示蹤線的芯線為銅，具有一定的截面積，其導電性明顯優于薄膜示蹤帶，尤其是剛埋入地下時，檢測效果更好。但隨著時間的推移，示蹤線暴露了一個很大的問題。

In order to improve the conductivity of the tracer, we use metal tracer wire instead of metal film tracer strip. Because the core wire of the tracer wire is copper and has a certain cross-sectional area, its conductivity is obviously better than that of the thin-film tracer belt, especially when it is just buried underground, the detection effect is better. But with the passage of time, the tracer line exposed a big problem.

示蹤線一旦出現斷點，如施工時被切斷、自然腐蝕、連接時連接不牢等，都無法從斷點處檢測到。灣。與其他地下管道或線路相比，示蹤線的導電性不如它們，因此檢測信號太弱，從而混淆了管道的位置。另外，抗拉強度差，定向鉆時不能鋪設。

Once there is a breakpoint in the tracer line, such as being cut off during construction, natural corrosion, weak connection during connection, etc., it cannot be detected from the breakpoint. Bay. Compared with other underground pipelines or lines, the conductivity of the tracer line is not as good as them, so the detection signal is too weak, thus confusing the location of the pipeline. In addition, due to poor tensile strength, it cannot be laid during directional drilling.

5、廢棄通信光纜

5. Abandoned communication optical cable

針對金屬示蹤劑的缺點，廢棄的通信光纜可以更好地這個問題。通信光纜是由多根（芯）光纖（通常從幾芯到幾千芯）組成的光纜芯和外護套組成。光纜內有加強件來承受外部機械載荷，以保護光纖免受各種外部機械力的影響，從而保證光纜的耐用性。

In view of the shortcomings of metal tracers, abandoned communication optical cables can better solve this problem. Communication optical cable is composed of optical cable core and outer sheath composed of multiple (core) optical fibers (usually from several cores to thousands of cores). There are reinforcements in the optical cable to bear external mechanical loads, so as to protect the optical fiber from various external mechanical forces, so as to ensure the durability of the optical cable.

特別是在定向鉆孔施工中，光纜強大的承載力可以保證完全鋪設。每隔300米到500米，埋設探測樁，將光纜引探測樁，方便日后探測定位。光纜的缺點是電導率低于金屬示蹤劑，對受干擾區域的檢測效果較差。

Especially in the directional drilling construction, the strong bearing capacity of optical cables can ensure the complete laying. Every 300 to 500 meters, the detection pile shall be buried, and the optical cable shall be led to the detection pile to facilitate the detection and positioning in the future. The disadvantage of optical cables is that the conductivity is lower than that of metal tracers, and the detection effect of disturbed areas is poor.

6、地下管線電子標牌系統

6. Underground pipeline electronic sign system

地埋示蹤線廠家認為它的工作原理是電子標記埋在管道上方，每個電子標記都有一個識別碼，與每個人的身份證號碼相同。管道的重要信息可以定制并存儲在電子標記器中，如相對位置、埋深、管徑、管道材質、管道壓力、鋪設日期等。使用地面定位設備（探測器）定位電子標記的位置并讀取存儲的信息。

The manufacturer of buried tracer line believes that its working principle is that electronic marks are buried above the pipeline, and each electronic mark has an identification code, which is the same as everyone's ID number. Important information of the pipeline can be customized and stored in the electronic marker, such as relative position, buried depth, pipe diameter, pipeline material, pipeline pressure, laying date, etc. Use the ground positioning equipment (detector) to locate the position of the electronic mark and read the stored information.

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